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专访台湾昆剧团团长洪惟助:30年两岸交流间,台湾昆曲从寂寞到勃兴******

  中新社北京12月24日电 题:专访台湾昆剧团团长洪惟助:30年两岸交流间,台湾昆曲从寂寞到勃兴

  中新社记者 李晗雪

  近日“2022海峡两岸年度汉字评选”结果揭晓,“思”字高票当选,其推荐理由是:疫情阻隔下,两岸异地相“思”。聊及此字,台湾昆曲发展最重要的推动者之一、今已年近八旬的台湾“中央大学”教授、台湾昆剧团团长洪惟助坦言,想念以往常见面常交流、彼此启发的老友,也心念过去两岸昆曲交流的热络。新冠疫情下当面交流断了,是非常可惜的事。

  “昆曲的交流,从(20世纪)90年代开始到现在,非常好。两岸互补有无、互相扶持,没有彼此打压、没有恶性竞争,我很希望这种情形能持续下去,也希望别的领域能学习我们昆曲的交流。”洪惟助说。

  1991年起,有感于昆曲之美及其在两岸的寥落,洪惟助与台湾另一戏曲学者曾永义发起并持续主持六届“昆曲传习计划”,邀请大陆昆剧团赴台表演、录像、教学,前后长达10年之久。传习计划让昆曲在台湾生根抽芽、逐渐开花育果。为延续此计划的成果,2000年,在洪惟助带领下、以参与该计划的成员为基础,组成了台湾第一个专业昆剧表演团体“台湾昆剧团”(以下简称“台昆”),并持续聘请大陆名师赴台教学。此外,今日台湾各昆剧团的主要演员及昆曲学术研究者,也多数参加过当年的“昆曲传习计划”。

  “台湾昆曲这三十年的发展,我蛮满意的,虽然不是百分之百了。”老先生笑说。首先,台湾的昆曲观众多了。台昆常去学校作讲座,学生们都非常喜欢。演出后也有观众在反馈卡片上写,第一次来听昆曲就感受到其中之美,一定要再来看戏。而台昆的演出也获得了不少昆曲爱好者的慷慨支持。洪惟助认为,昆曲在台湾的传播比他预期的还好。第二是台湾昆曲专业表演团体从无到有,现已能够独立完成从剧本创作到定谱、表演的整套剧目制作过程,“很不容易”。

  “昆曲传习计划”虽已告一段落,但此后两岸昆曲艺术人才依然往来互通,持续活络着两岸戏坛。例如近年大陆昆曲演员温宇航赴台发展,影响台湾同辈演员亦教导晚辈,洪惟助认为对台湾昆曲发展产生了很好影响。而洪惟助的儿子、作曲家洪敦远在2016年由大陆昆山当代昆剧院作为台湾优秀青年昆曲人才引进,洪惟助表示,很支持儿子,这是不错的学习机会。

  2020年昆山当代昆剧院推出的原创昆剧《描朱记》,正是由洪敦远担任唱腔设计。遗憾的是,演出时洪惟助父子都在台湾,因疫情无法应邀观看演出。洪惟助还谈道,原本与北方昆曲剧院有合写剧本演出的计划,也因疫情停顿,希望疫情赶快过去。

  回顾以往两岸昆曲界的合作,洪惟助如数家珍。浙江昆剧团与台湾昆剧团共同打造新编昆剧《范蠡与西施》并在两岸演出,北方昆曲剧院赴台演出昆剧《红楼梦》……洪惟助称,约在2005年至2013年间,他每年都推动两岸合作在台举行大型昆曲演出,“那时候可以说是‘大交流’”。

  “很多事情都要长久地努力。我(20世纪)90年代就想成立一个昆曲博物馆,但2017年才在‘中央大学’实现。”老先生说。

  今年10月,洪惟助的老友曾永义离世。洪惟助说:“在我们那一辈,台湾研究戏曲的人并不多,好像就我们两个人做得比较多。但后来我们带出了很多学生,尤其曾永义,他教的学生很多,大多继续从事戏曲相关工作。他的学生又带学生……”洪惟助自叹冲劲不如从前,他非常期待有台湾年轻人接班,继续做昆曲传承工作。(完)

中新网评:处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******

  中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称,将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对,企图将核污水“一倒了之”,把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。

资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。

  2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。

  日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。

  日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。

  事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。

  因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。

  日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。

  《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。

  德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。

  日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。

  国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。

  太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。

  Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business

  By John Lee

  (ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.

  Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.

  The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.

  On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.

  The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.

  In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.

  Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.

  The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.

  The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.

  The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.

  According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.

  As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.

  However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.

  Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.

  The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.

  If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.

 

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